(published as part of Media Focus 03, London, December 4, 1998)

ANTENA M (Podgorica) - a private and independent radio station on FM, heard in Podgorica, Bar, Niksic, Bijelo Polje, Pljevlja and Herceg Novi (about 75 per cent of Montenegro). The editor-in-chief is Veselin Tomovic. Programme Dnevnik (daily news) is at 3 p.m. and lasts about 20 minutes.

B92 ( Belgrade) - founded in 1990 as a youth radio station. Over the past eight years, it has won a reputation as the main champion of independent radio journalism. Its broadcasts are confined to Belgrade, but since the establishment of the Association of Independent Electronic Media (ANEM), in 1997 at the station's initiative, its main news programmes are relayed by the 32 local member stations of ANEM, covering 65 per cent of Serbia and Montenegro. The editor-in-chief is Veran Matic. Dnevnik at 5 p.m. and Nocnik (night news) at 9.30 p.m. are its main news broadcasts.

BK TELECOM - BK TV (Belgrade) -a private commercial television station established in December 1994 as part of the Braca Karic (the Karic brothers) family business empire which is engaged in banking, mobile communications and insurance and operates a private university in Belgrade and industrial plants abroad. It is owned by Bogoljub Karic, close to the family of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, and recently minister in the Serbian government. BK Telekom was regarded as an objective and professional station until the mass civil protests in 1996-7, when it made a turn towards pro-government reporting. The director is Ivan Karic. Telefakt at 6.55 p.m. is its main daily news programme.

BLIC (Belgrade) - the best-selling private newspaper in the FRY (circulation of up to 150,000), established partly with foreign (Austrian) capital. It is regarded as an independent media outlet catering to the general public and offering an abundance of stories, prize competition games and sports reports. The founder and owner is the "Blic Press d.o.o" limited liability company. The editor-in-chief is Veselin Simonovic.

BUJKU (Pristina) - an Albanian-language daily, founded after ist predecessor Rilindja was banned in 1992. Considered to be influential and close to Ibrahim Rugova's LDK Party. The editor-in-chief is Avni Spahiu. Circulation about 10,000.

DANAS (Belgrade) - independent daily established as joint ownership by 17 journalists who quit Nasa Borba in June 1997. After being banned by the Serbian authorities, the daily has been printed since the beginning of November 1998 in Montenegro, where it is was reregistered. Current circulation - 12,000. The editor-in-chief is Grujica Spasovic.

DNEVNIK (Novi Sad) - daily published in 5,000-8,000 copies by a holding company of the same name. Regarded as pro-government. The editor-in-chief is Dragan Radevic.

GLAS JAVNOSTI (Belgrade) - private daily launched in May 1998 following a rift in the Blic editorial team. It is similar to Blic and has a circulation of 70,000 to 120,000, with a high percentage of unsold copies (up to 30 per cent). Its publisher is the Glas d.o.o. limited liability company, its director is Vojislav Bacovic, and the editor-in-chief is Manojlo Vukotic.

KOHA DITORE (Pristina) - an Albanian-language daily printed since mid 1997. With a circulation of over 15,000, it is the best-selling Albanian daily in Kosovo and Metohija. Although it is generally open towards all Albanian political parties, it is regarded as an opposition paper. Its owner and editor-in-chief is Veton Suroi.

KOSOVA SOT (Pristina) - the newest Albanian-language daily, established two months ago. Its publisher is "Interpress R. Company", whose owner is Ruzdi Kadriu. The editor-in-chief is Ismail Redzepi.

MAGYAR SZO (Novi Sad) - a Hungarian-language daily founded by the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and published by "Forum'' holding company. The masthead describes the paper as a "daily newspaper of the democratic public". Its circulation averages 7,000-10,000. The daily draws heavily on the Tanjug and Beta news agencies and the Hungarian national news agency MTI. The editor-in-chief is Sandor Balint.

POBJEDA (Podgorica) - a daily founded by the Assembly of Montenegro and presenting mostly official views. The editor-in-chief is Slobodan Vukovic. Circulation: 18,000-20,000.

POLITIKA (Belgrade) - influential and the oldest daily newspaper, established in 1904. It operates as part of the Politika A.D. joint stock company controlled by large Serbian banks and several powerful corporations. The consortium, comprising the daily, a radio and television station, a printing works, a distribution network and other property, has been valued at DM 1.2 billion. Politika's general director and editor-in-chief is Hadzi Dragan Antic. Its circulation is about 100,000. In the former Yugoslavia, the paper enjoyed the reputation as Serbia's foremost daily, whereas now it is regarded as largely a government mouthpiece.

POLITIKA EKSPRES - evening newspaper of Politika A.D., with an estimated circulation of some 20,000. It is pro-government and largely sensationalist. The editor-in-chief is Djordje Martic.

RADIO 021 (Novi Sad) - an independent radio station, established last year and one of the three most popular in the city. The editor-in-chief is Aleksandra Radulovic. Petrolejka (the paraffin lamp) is its main news programme while Preko plota (across the fence) is a 60-minute regional news and current affairs magazine broadcast.

RADIO-TELEVIZIJA SRBIJE (RTS - RADIO-TELEVISION OF SERBIA) - public company and the main state-run radio and television establishment in Serbia whose management is appointed by the government. The sources of its finance are public revenue and compulsory subscription incorporated in the electricity bill. It covers the whole of the republic. The RTS general director is Dragoljub Milanovic.

TELEVIZIJA SRBIJE - the main state-run television station, consisting of central Belgrade HQ, and studios in Novi Sad, Pristina, and all major Serbian towns. The editor of its News and Information programmes is Milorad Komrakov. Its prime-time news programme, Dnevnik 2, is broadcast daily at 7.30 p.m., lasts from 30 minutes to over an hour and a half, and has a wide audience and considerable influence. The magazine programme Aktuelnosti (current affairs) is broadcast at prime evening times.

TELEVIZIJA NOVI SAD - operates as part of RTS under general drector Milan Todorov. Dnevnik in Hungarian is broadcast daily at 7 p.m., lasts up to 28 minutes, and covers the whole of Vojvodina province. Its editor is Oto Sakalas.

TELEVIZIJA PRISTINA - also operates as part of RTS. Dnevnik in Albanian is broadcast daily at 7 p.m. The editor of the Albanian language programme is Hajrije Rugova.

RADIO BEOGRAD - the most powerful radio station in Serbia, operates six channels for a total of 72 hours a day. Its director is Milivoje Pavlovic. The main programmes are broadcast on the most powerful Channel One. Novosti dana (news of the day) at 3 p.m. and Dnevnik at 7 p.m., lasting about 30 minutes, are the main daily news programmes. Argument vise (an extra argument), a daily magazine programme, was launched some 10 years ago with the object of providing continuous, in-depth monitoring of current affairs. It is broadcast from 4.30 to 6 p.m. Mondays to Fridays. Nedeljom u deset (Sunday at 10 a.m.) is a 60-minute magazine programme including commentaries.

SKY SAT-MONTENA TV (Herceg Novi) -a private television station established by the recent merger of TV Montena of Podgorica and Sky Sat TV of Herceg Novi. It covers southern parts of the republic, and is considered to be independent. The editor-in-chief and responsible editor is Rajko Cerovic. A main, 15-minute news programme, Info, is on the air every exept Sundays at 9 p.m.

STUDIO B (Belgrade) - founded in 1971 as the first local radio station, began to broadcast television programme in 1990. It was transformed into a joint stock company in 1991. The transformation was cancelled by court order in February 1996 and the founding rights restored to the Belgrade City Assembly, which is now its founder. Although nominally a city television station, it covers about 40 per cent of Serbia. The director and editor-in-chief is Dragan Kojadinovic. Vesti u sedam (news at seven), the station's most popular television news broadcast, has an audience estimated at several hundred thousand.

TELEVIZIJA CRNE GORE (TV CG - TELEVISION OF MONTENEGRO) - the main Montenegrin state-run television station operating as part of its radio and television system under general director Goran Rakocevic. Its first and second channels cover 87 per cent of the Republic. The editor-in-chief is Velibor Covic. Dnevnik 2, its main news programme, is broadcast daily at 7.30 p.m.

VECERNJE NOVOSTI (Belgrade) - a daily launched in 1953 as an evening newspaper. Thanks to its concise style, it had the largest circulation in the whole of the former Yugoslavia for many years. Today, it is published by the "Novosti company'' whose management is close to the ruling coalition. The editorial policy has often varied, and recent friction within the paper has resulted in the appointment of Pero Simic as acting director and editor-in-chief.